In the Notes and Bibliography system, add a numbered footnote at the bottom of the page to cite another source in-text. Then, include the complete citation information in a bibliography at the end of your paper.
General format:
Notes
1. First and Last Name(s) of Authors, Title of the Source, and other publication details like the publisher, journal information, date, page numbers, etc.
In the notes, elements of a reference are separate by a comma. A book publisher and/or year are included in parenthesis ( ).
Shortened Notes
2. Ibid., page number(s).
3. Last Name, Shortened Title, page number(s).
Use "Ibid.," which means "in the same place," when you are citing the same source immediately after another note. Use a shortened note the second time you cite the same source elsewhere.
Bibliography
Last Name, First Name and First Name Last Name. "Title of an Article." Title of the Source and other publication details like the publisher, journal information, date, page numbers, etc.
In the bibliography at the end of your paper, elements of a reference are separated by a period. Include a comma , before the year.
I'm citing a...
- Author(s) In the notes, list all authors as normal. In the bibliography, list the first author's last name first.
- "Title of the Article" Use headline capitalization and quotation marks.
- Title of the Journal Use title capitalization and italicize.
- Volume Include the volume number of the journal.
- Issue Number If there are multiple issues in a journal, include a comma , after the volume and no.#.
- (Year): Include the year the article was published in parentheses, followed by a colon :
- Page range xx-xx.
- DOI (Digital Object Identifier) If the journal article has a DOI, include it last.
Notes
1. Hester Baer and Ryan Fred Long, "Transnational Cinema and the Mexican State in Alfonso Cuarón's Y tu Mamá También," South Central Review 21, no. 3 (2004): 150-168.
Bibliography
Baer, Hester, and Ryan Fred Long. "Transnational Cinema and the Mexican State in Alfonso Cuarón's Y tu Mamá También." South Central Review 21, no. 3 (2004): 150-168.
- Author(s) In the notes, list all authors as normal. In the bibliography, list the first author's last name first.
- "Title of the Article" Use headline capitalization and quotation marks.
- Title of the Newspaper or Magazine Use title capitalization and italicize.
- Date Include the Month Day, Year the article was published.
- URL Include a link to the article if available online.
Notes
1. Amanda Petrusich, "Taylor Swift's Self-Scrutiny in 'Miss Americana,'" The New Yorker, February 4, 2020, https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/taylor-swifts-self-scrutiny-in-miss-americana.
Bibliography
Petrusich, Amanda. "Taylor Swift's Self-Scrutiny in 'Miss Americana." The New Yorker, Februrary 4, 2020. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/taylor-swifts-self-scrutiny-in-miss-americana.
- Author(s) In the notes, list all authors as normal. In the bibliography, list the first author's last name first.
- Title of the Book Use headline capitalization and italics.
- Place of publication: List the state (if from the U.S.) or the country associated with the published, then a colon :.
- Publisher List the publisher of the book. This is usually listed on the copyright page.
- Year Include the year in which the book you are citing was published.
- Page number Include any relevant page numbers you are citing in the notes only.
Notes
1. Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (New York: Random House, 2002), 102.
Bibliography
Angelou, Maya. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. New York: Random House, 2002.
- Author(s) of the Chapter. In the notes, list all authors as normal. In the bibliography, list the first author's last name first.
- "Title of the Chapter or Essay" Use headline capitalization and quotation marks.
- Title of the Book Include "in" then the the book in headline capitalization and italics.
- Name of the Editor(s) Include "ed." or "eds." in the notes and "edited by" in the bibliography before the name of the editor(s).
- Place of publication: List the state (if from the U.S.) or the country associated with the published, then a colon :.
- Publisher List the publisher of the book. This is usually listed on the copyright page.
- Year Include the year in which the book you are citing was published.
- Page numbers Include the page range of the chapter you are citing in the notes only.
Notes
1. Richard Rodriguez, "Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood," in The Best American Essays of the Century, ed. Joyce Carol Oats (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2000), 447-466.
Bibliography
Richard Rodriguez. "Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood." In The Best American Essays of the Century, edited by Joyce Carol Oats. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2000.
- Author In the notes, include the author, or if there is no specific author, list the title of the web page you are citing in quotation marks. In the bibliography, list the organization responsible for the website first.
- Name of the Website If the name of the site is different from the author or the title of the page.
- Date If there is a date of last review or last modified, list it here. If there is no date, list the date you accessed the web page.
- URL.
Notes
1. "Conversation," Los Angeles County Museum of Art, accessed March 10, 2020, https://www.lacma.org/learn/conservation.
Bibliography
Los Angeles County Museum of Art. "Conversation." Accessed March 10, 2020. https://www.lacma.org/learn/conservation.
Citing a letter, photograph, text document, graphic material, or ephemera? Consult the Gerth Archives Chicago Citation Guide for Archival Materials.